smoking risk_factor_for depressive symptoms

Subject: smoking
Relation: risk_factor_for
Object: depressive symptoms
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (2 sources)

Age-varying associations between substance use behaviors and depressive symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood. (2015) PMID:26483358 cited

Smokers experience more depressive symptoms ... than non-smokers

confidence: 0.95

Age-varying associations between substance use behaviors and depressive symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood. (2015) PMID:26483358 cited

estimates the associations between predictors (e.g., smoking ...) and an outcome (e.g., depressive symptoms)

confidence: 0.90