physical abuse risk_factor_for externalizing disorders

Some risk factors such as child maltreatment appear to have stronger effects on externalizing problems in later than early childhood.

Child maltreatment prior to age 8 significantly predicted ... externalizing ... problems.

Maltreatment occurring prior to the early school-age years was hypothesized to predict emergent ... externalizing symptomatology during childhood

externalizing stability pathway from child maltreatment to late adolescent externalizing problems

we seek to determine how child maltreatment influences the development of externalizing ... psychopathology