We asked if the firing activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons is affected by LPS treatment. Midbrain slices containing the VTA were prepared from saline- and LPS-treated mice (one week after one LPS injection in B6 male mice). We found that the basal firing frequency of dopamine neurons was reduced in LPS-treated mice [t(22) = 2.45, p < .05, unpaired t-test] (Fig. 10A).