Table 1 presents the CPI Socialization Scale and the MMPI Psychopathic Deviance Scale scores for male and female LTAA, TxN, and NAC together with effect sizes and significance levels for group effects. Congruent with our approach to possible cohort effects between the LTAA and TxN studies, we compared the LTAA study NAC with the TxN study NAC on social deviance (a 2 × 2 design with Group and Gender as fixed effects and the two social deviance measures as dependent variables). There were no effects of group, gender or group by gender (all Wilkes λ2,113 < 1.07, p’s > 0.347). Given this result, the two NAC samples were combined into a single control group for subsequent analyses, and the LTAA and TxN samples were able to be directly compared, without concern for cohort effects. We have previously reported higher social deviance in both LTAA and TxN compared to their respective control groups (Di Sclafani, Finn et al. 2008). Comparing LTAA to TxN, we found greater social deviance in LTAA (Wilkes λ2,113 = 5.213, p = 0.007, with group accounting for 7.3% of the multivariate variance of the social deviance measures).
