Experiments were performed on mice from the transgenic mouse line Tg(Aldh1l1-EGFP)OFC789Gsat/Mmucd. For neuroinflammatory injury, postnatal day 5 (P5) mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of either endotoxin-free PBS, or the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli O55:B55 (Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved in normal saline and diluted into endotoxin-free PBS (5 mg/kg).