Chunk #13 — Material and methods — I. Heroin self-administration, extinction, foot shock- and heroin- induced reinstatement — 4. Procedure — (A) Self-administration:

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Individual differences in gene expression of vasopressin, D2 receptor, POMC and orexin: vulnerability to relapse to heroin-seeking in rats.

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An additional control group (n=8) was comprised of rats were trained to self-administer saline. On the subsequent stages of the experiment, these rats were not exposed to foot-shock or to the heroin prime (heroin/stress control group).