Participant demographic characteristics and the correlation between the criterion counts for CAD and other substance use disorder traits are shown in Table 1. The DSM-IV CAD criterion counts were significantly (P < .05) correlated with the criteria counts for AD, CD, OD, and ND. The correlations varied by sample and population and ranged from r2 = 0.15 for OD to r2 = 0.61 for CD criteria. The CAD criterion counts were significantly heritable in European American (19%–25%; P = .006) but not African American (10%–11%; P = .08) participants. eFigure 1 in the Supplement shows a histogram of the CAD criterion count in African American and European American participants in each cohort; 3 or more criteria indicate a diagnosis of CAD. The criterion count distribution is very similar in African American and European American participants. In the Yale-Penn sample, where comorbid psychiatric diagnoses were available, CAD was significantly associated with MDD in African American participants (odds ratio, 1.07; P = .006) but not SCZ, bipolar affective disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or autism spectrum disorder. Cannabis dependence was not associated with any of these disorders in European American participants.
