confers limited risk or, in some cases, protection against negative alcohol outcomes originates primarily in countries in which earlier drinking is more culturally normative. In these cases, AO may be less likely to be linked to other markers of deviance. However, results may be more consistent for drinking to intoxication at an early age, which is presumably considered negative across cultures. Relatedly, assessing delay could help clarify inconsistent findings about whether “learning to drink” in a family environment increases or decreases risk for negative outcomes (e.g., Foley et al., 2004; McMorris et al., 2011).
