Bacteria were grown to OD595 = 0.4, then IPTG was added to 0.4 mM and bacteria were induced shaking at 37°C for 2 h. After induction, additional IPTG and Amp were added to a total concentration of 0.8 mM and 100 μg/ml, respectively, before seeding onto NGM plates with 50 μg/ml Amp.