How do SWI/SNF complex variants influence both the liability to develop AD in adults and antisocial behavior in adolescents? In current models of AD, a significant component of the genetic liability to develop AD in adults is shared with the genetic components that influence antisocial behavior, impulsivity, and conduct disorders in younger people (Young et al., 2000). We found that the SWI/SNF gene complex impacted AD in an affected adult sample, and influenced adolescent antisocial behavior in a younger community-based sample. There are two major models to explain how these phenotypes may be related to SWI/SNF: First, variation in the SWI/SNF complex may have effects on nervous system function that are manifested in youth as a predisposition to conduct disorders. Those conduct phenotypes may themselves predispose people to developing AD when they are older and alcohol is readily available. In this case, the effects on AD liability are a consequence of the effects on conduct phenotypes in adolescents, and there are data that support this model (Cho et al., 2014). A second possibility is that there may be shared or
