Chunk #235 — VIII. A possible underlying neurobiology: connectivity constellations — B. Quality and/or quantity of connections involved in vulnerabilities
D. Contributions of “connectivity constellation” genes to morbidity/mortality from brain disorders in the United States One way to assess the impact of complex polygenic genetics on brain disorders is to estimate US costs associated with the disorder, estimate heritabilties from twin study data, estimate Mendelian and oligogenic contributions from family study, segregation, linkage and genome wide association analyses and thus identify the overall impact of polygenic contributions. We have estimated that the polygenic influences on addiction vulnerability are responsible for $212.20 billion in cost to the US in 2004 [257–259]. Other “connectivity constellation” disorders and the relevant estimates for costs of polygenic contributions include Alzheimer's disease and dementias, with perhaps 74 billion in such costs, pain and migraine with 58.8 billion in such costs, anxiety disorders with 24 billion in such costs, schizophrenia with 39 billion in such costs, depressive illnesses with almost 19 billion in such costs, developmental disorders with perhaps 5 billion in such costs and stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and seizures with 2, 1.4, almost 3 and 0.6 billion, respectively, that can be attributed to complex
