Among the candidate clusters analyzed, in women, four were found to have satisfied validation and statistical testing conditions that reveal significant differences in PAC between AUD and unaffected groups (Table 2A), while in men, three significant PAC clusters were found of the 17 candidates tested (Table 2B).Table 2Phase-amplitude coupling cluster analysis.Table 22A. WomenIDCluster PA domainsp-value (FDR)U (cluster)p-value (cluster)Median PACCLESrWnPhase frequency range (FP1 - FP2)Amplitude frequency range (FA1 - FA2)UnaffectedAUD10.1–1.132–380.0204∗152520.33750.80530.8050.471−0.05820.4 - 1.419–220.0338∗156590.58410.74540.74320.483−0.03330.5 - 1.59–140.0264∗160860.90890.74290.73910.496−0.00741.3 - 2.329–330.0244∗169260.46210.74380.74920.5220.04552–312–150.0199∗175880.15980.74520.75210.5430.08662.5 - 3.526–330.017∗141850.0413∗0.75470.7470.438−0.12472.6 - 3.635–390.0393∗144200.07150.75420.74590.445−0.1183–4.58–110.0151∗187490.0098∗∗0.74640.75360.5790.15793.25 - 4.2521–250.0366∗168860.48750.75110.75450.5210.042103.5 - 4.512–150.0142∗177750.11080.74880.75170.5490.097114–541–470.0396∗174080.22150.75370.75680.5370.075124.25 - 5.2535–400.079173700.23640.74760.75480.5360.072135.5–6.510–130.0029∗∗150200.2320.74930.7470.464−0.073147–8.514–170.0423∗179960.0690.74210.74870.5550.111159.7–10.716–190.1702172020.31010.74050.75180.5310.0621610.5–11.535–430.0444∗184460.023∗0.7430.7560.5690.1391712–1330–420.0237∗188080.0083∗∗0.73520.74990.5810.1612B. MenIDCluster PA domainsp-value (PFDR)U (cluster)p-value (cluster)Median PACCLESrMnPhase Frequency range (FP1 - FP2)Amplitude frequency range (FA1 - FA2)UnaffectedAUD10.1–1.123–280.0085∗∗185080.07620.80860.80510.449−0.10220.6 - 1.632–360.0261∗235680.0122∗0.7450.75310.5720.14430.7 - 1.728–320.0427∗228270.06020.74510.75020.5540.10841–236–400.0534218740.28310.75080.75230.5310.06251.2–2.214–170.031∗219690.24860.74160.74560.5330.06661.4 - 2.441–470.0272∗214970.45050.75120.75210.5220.04372–321–250.0588220930.20820.74380.75180.5360.07282.7 - 3.77–90.0103∗209710.75690.74760.74910.5090.01893.6 - 4.712–140.0093∗∗224740.1140.74460.74920.5450.091104–533–400.0029∗∗233860.0187∗0.74670.75720.5670.135116.5–7.535–380.058223200.1470.75010.75750.5420.083127–820–230.093210240.72270.74260.74420.510.02137.5–8.514–170.0388∗197860.4890.74960.74840.48−0.04148–920–220.0154∗224480.11890.74060.74870.5450.089159–1138–440.0253∗233970.0182∗0.74360.75560.5680.1361610.3–11.318–210.0269∗217420.33620.74450.74890.5280.0551711–12.528–320.0368∗228220.06070.74650.75490.5540.108⁃ ID column contains a set of ordinals used to refer to a given cluster, with order sorted from lowest to highest phase frequencies represented in comodulograms. ID references in text are prefixed with abbreviated indicator of sex either ‘W’ or ‘M’.⁃ Corrected p-value (PFDR) derived using Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons using raw p-values within specified cluster domain from S, the matrix of significance values derived from analysis
