In the total US population, NESARC-I data indicated a past-year DSM-IV nicotine dependence prevalence of 12.8% in US adults35, which was higher in Native Americans (33.6%) than in Whites (23.2%), Blacks (13.3%), Hispanics (7.1%), and Asians (7.0%)36. Within lifetime cigarette users, the pattern was similar, with 58.2% of Native Americans, 48.9% of White, 41.1% of Black, 35.5% of Hispanic, and 31.8% of Asian lifetime smokers being dependent36. These estimates also are consistent with earlier studies. In the 1991–1993 NHSDA surveys (N = 87,915), past-year DSM-IV nicotine dependence among past-month smokers was significantly higher among Whites (29.5%) than Blacks (23.1%) and Hispanics (21.6%)37.
