Parents in the prevention condition were taught the consistent use of high levels of monitoring and control, adaptive racial socialization approaches that included strategies for dealing with racial discrimination, strategies for communication about sex, and the establishment of clear norms and expectations for the use of alcohol and other substances. Youth learned the importance of having and abiding by household rules, behaviors to use when encountering racism, the importance of forming goals for the future and making plans to attain them, and the characteristics of agemates who use alcohol or are sexually active. Ten three-person teams of African American group leaders, each of whom had received 40 hours of training, conducted 38 intervention groups that ranged in size from 3 to 12 families (M = 10). To preserve the random nature of the group assignment, the analyses reported here included all families regardless of the number of prevention sessions that they actually attended (an intent-to-treat analysis).
