the LR group except in the gain condition in the younger group (Fig. 4, panel B1), although all comparisons of gender in HR subjects were significant. Although previous studies have shown that females produced higher amplitude than males in visual paradigms (Orozco and Ehlers, 1998; Guillem and Mograss, 2005; Proverbio et al., 2006) including the gambling paradigm (Kamarajan et al., 2009), the age range was not compatible with our current study (i.e., the sample in these studies were adults with 18–45 years of age, while our study has samples of children/adolescents and young adults with 12–25 years of age range). However, except in older females, there is a pattern in the current study that males produced higher P3 amplitudes than females.
