Comparison between male and female subjects within age groups and risk groups (Fig. 4, panels B1 and B2) shows that the pattern of higher P3 amplitudes shown by males during 12–15 years becomes less prominent in the LR individuals as they aged into 16–25 years (Fig. 4, panel B1) while the gender difference in younger age (male > female) switched to the opposite direction in the older age group (female > male) in the HR offspring (Fig. 4, panel B1). This finding may suggest that the developmental and maturational changes in the P3 activity could be different in LR and HR subjects, although this interpretation has to be confirmed by further studies with a larger/comparable sample sizes of LR and HR subjects. Further, it is rather surprising that P3 amplitude between male and female subjects did not differ significantly in the LR group except in the gain condition in the younger group (Fig. 4, panel B1), although all comparisons of gender in HR subjects were significant. Although previous studies have shown that females produced higher amplitude than males in visual
