It is possible that a separate third factor would have been identified here if that approach had been taken. Future studies would benefit from including a greater range of items designed to measure each hypothesized dimension. Our factor analytic results also overlapped with Burke’s (in press) analysis. Our irritability factor was similar to Burke’s negative affect factor, with the exception that our results included temper tantrums and excluded spitefulness. Our headstrong factor was also similar to Burke’s oppositionality factor except that ours included spitefulness and also added annoying and blaming. The latter two symptoms were excluded from Burke’s factors due to cross-loadings. Differences in analytic approaches and our focus on a community rather than a referred sample may have contributed to these variations.
