schizophrenia, found to be heritable in twin studies, and show deviation in schizophrenia patient first-degree relatives (Fukushima et al. 1988; Braff et al. 1992; Iacono et al. 1999; Hong et al. 2012; Kam et al. 2013; Chen et al. 2014; Narayanan et al. 2014; Qiu et al. 2014). The only two endophenotypes that have not been linked to schizophrenia are our measures of affectively modulated startle (Iacono et al. 2016). All 17 of our endophenotypes are measures of basic neurological and physiological function (e.g. resting EEG, EDA, startle) that, broadly speaking, may be expected to be disrupted in the presence of high genetic liability for schizophrenia.
