Supplementary analysis of the vertex-level data in IMAGEN-T1 and IMAGEN-T2 data indicated that PC1 derived from vertex-level and atlas-level data were highly correlated (see Figure S2). A separate supplementary analysis with ABCD-T1 and ABCD-T2 revealed that individual CT reconstructed with PC1 were significantly correlated with cell density (N0), revealing the microstructural correlations of PC1 at ages 10 and 12 years (See Figure S3). As shown in Tables S17–S20, none of the GSEA results survived the multiple comparison correction. The enrichment analysis on these significant genes (i.e., ORA) indicated that they were enriched to GO terms related to synaptic functions (e.g., ion channel activity; see Tables S21–23). The analysis with developmental stages indicated that these genes were over-represented at the developmental stages of late childhood, adolescence and young adulthood (Table S24), which fully replicated the GCEA results.
