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Chunk #22 — Results — Nicotine Dependence (ND)

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Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder and risk for alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana dependence in Israel.
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load also increased risk for ND even after PTSD was included (OR= 1.14, 95% CI=1.06–1.24; based on regression coefficient τ′ in Table 4), suggesting that TE plays a role in ND that is independent of PTSD. Results for ND were consistent when controlling for AD and MD in that TE and PTSD were related to ND; the TE effect was reduced when PTSD was included, but TE effect was still significant.