al., 2005; Grant et al., 2004). In correctional settings, rates of ASPD as high as 21% in women and 47% −80% in men have been reported depending on the study (Black et al., 2010; Fazel and Danesh, 2002; Guze, 1976). ASPD is associated with a number of co-morbid mental health conditions and with most substance use disorders (Ullrich and Coid, 2009; Zimmerman and Coryell, 1989). People with ASPD have high mortality rates from traumatic injuries, suicide and infections such as hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Black et al., 1996; Brooner et al., 1993; Krasnova et al., 2019; Martin et al., 1985; Woodruff et al., 1971).
