Women are less likely than men to be repeat DUI offenders (C’de Baca, et al., 2001; Lapham, Skipper, Hunt, & Chang, 2000; Lapham, Skipper, & Simpson, 1997; Wells-Parker, Pang, Anderson, McMillen, & Miller, 1991), making it difficult to obtain samples with sufficient numbers of women to examine gender differences in recidivists. One of the first studies to do so selected consecutive female referrals to a screening program for first-time DUI offenders, frequency matched males to females by date of referral to obtain similar numbers of male and female offenders, and examined predictors of re-arrest within 5 years, including drug use, alcohol problems in a parent or spouse, physical or sexual abuse, treatment referral and completion, and scores on an alcohol screen (Lapham, Skipper, Hunt, & Chang, 2000). The only gender-specific predictor of re-arrest within five years was age; men, but not women, who were younger at the initial screening were more likely to re-offend (Lapham et al., 2000). Similarly, while there is sharp evidence for differences in the course of alcohol abuse and dependence in community samples (Dawson, Grant, &
