interact in contributing to motivational effects of ethanol (Koob, 2013; Martin-Fardon et al., 2010; Schank et al., 2012b). For example, anatomical (Marchant et al., 2007), neural (Kang-Park et al., 2015; Lam and Gianoulakis, 2011), and pharmacological (Bruchas et al., 2009; Funk et al., 2014; Land et al., 2008; Valdez et al., 2007) evidence indicates that DYN and CRF systems interact within brain reward and stress circuitry, but the nature of this interaction and how such effects may influence ethanol drinking, the ability of stress to modulate drinking, and enhanced motivation for ethanol along with negative affect associated with dependence is not fully understood. Thus, there is a great need for studies that probe mechanisms and circuitry that underlie adaptations and contributions of the DYN/KOR system in relation to motivational effects of ethanol.
