Future studies are needed to expand analysis of ethanol effects on the DYN/KOR system within the broader extended amygdala network (e.g., bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, basolateral amygdala). Additionally, as KORs residing on locus coeruleus noradrenergic (Kreibich et al., 2008) and dorsal raphe serotonergic (Land et al., 2009) neurons modulate ascending monoaminergic transmission, adaptations in these pathways likely influence motivational effects of ethanol as well as affective behaviors associated with chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal. Within the prefrontal cortex, KORs have been shown to mediate glutamatergic and dopaminergic signaling (Tejeda et al., 2013; 2015). However, the role of DYN/KOR activity in cortical regions has not been studied with regard to ethanol-related behaviors. Finally, ethanol has been shown to engage a number of other stress-related neuropeptides (e.g., CRF, NPY, nociception, oxytocin), and there is some evidence demonstrating that these systems interact in contributing to motivational effects of ethanol (Koob, 2013; Martin-Fardon et al., 2010; Schank et al., 2012b). For example, anatomical (Marchant et al., 2007), neural (Kang-Park et al., 2015; Lam and Gianoulakis, 2011), and pharmacological (Bruchas et al., 2009;
