ER stress response induced by tunicamycin or thapsigargin; the mechanism of this ethanol effect appears to involve the production of reactive oxygen species. It also should be noted that, in addition to UPR-associated genes, ATF6α also regulates the expression of calmodulin 1, which in turn is involved in the regulation of nNOS (e.g., Spratt et al. 2007). Finally, while it may be only a coincidence, two additional genes involved in the UPR (Ire1 and Atf6β; Lin et al. 2007) lie within the haplotype-defined intervals for the Chr 11 and 17 QTLs, respectively.
