Drawing on the NESARC, the major objective of the present study is to explore the relationships between the full set of DSM-IV PDs and the externalizing-internalizing structure of common mental disorders. Based on extensive associations between ASPD and substance dependence, ASPD has been considered endogenous and included with externalizing disorders (Krueger et al., 2005; Markon and Krueger, 2005). Therefore, the present study considers the same model specification that groups ASPD with substance use disorders as indicators of the externalizing dimension and examines associations with the other 9 PDs. In addition, the present study includes an alternative model specification with ASPD as an exogenous predictor with all other PDs. As a sensitivity analysis, the model is further examined using the alternative coding of PD symptoms that Trull and colleagues (2010) have proposed. The alternative coding of symptoms requires each symptom criterion to be associated with social and/or occupational dysfunction. These proposed diagnostic rules yield lower prevalence rates of PDs that are more similar to those obtained in other national surveys (Coid et al., 2006; Lenzenweger et al., 2007) and have been
