to be associated with social and/or occupational dysfunction. These proposed diagnostic rules yield lower prevalence rates of PDs that are more similar to those obtained in other national surveys (Coid et al., 2006; Lenzenweger et al., 2007) and have been adopted in other NESARC studies (Jahng et al., 2011; Trull et al., 2012). In light of the current debate about the latent PD structure, this study further assesses the association between a general personality dysfunction factor and externalizing-internalizing disorders. Finally, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of both the PDs and the Axis I disorders was conducted to test the robustness of ESEM results.