Anesthesia was accomplished by 2% isofluorane. For clamps, silicone catheters were aseptically placed in the jugular vein. Rimadyl (5 mg/Kg, sc) was administered for pain control and animals were allowed to recover (4–5 days) to preoperative weight prior to experiments. For chronic infusions, Alzet mini-osmotic pumps were asceptically filled, primed, and asceptically placed subcutaneously in the mid-back area.
