For pancreatitis a threshold of about 48 g/day has been found, again with increased volume of alcohol consumed per day being associated with increased risk[31]. With regards to diabetes the situation is more complicated. A recent meta-analysis confirmed that there is a U-shaped relationship between the average amount of alcohol consumed per day and the risk of type 2 diabetes[32]. There appears to be a protective effect of moderate consumption of alcohol, particularly among women. Further research appears to be needed to make stronger claims about the negative effects of higher levels of consumption of alcohol and the incidence of diabetes and to allow for greater generalisability of the findings to broader populations globally.
