Past-year AUD was assessed by means of 33 symptom item indicators in the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule – DSM-IV Version (AUDADIS-IV), a structured diagnostic instrument designed for use by lay interviewers (Grant et al., 2001). These symptom items reflected the four DSM-IV alcohol abuse criteria (recurrent failure to fulfill role obligations because of alcohol use, recurrent use in hazardous situations, recurrent alcohol-related legal problems, continued use despite awareness of recurrent interpersonal problems) and the seven DSM-IV alcohol dependence criteria (tolerance, withdrawal or relief/avoidance of withdrawal, use in larger amounts or for longer than intended, persistent desire/unsuccessful attempts to control use, a great deal of time spent in alcohol-related activities, important activities given up because of alcohol, continued use despite knowledge of physical or psychological problems). A simple count of the number of criteria positively endorsed (range = 0 to 11) was calculated for each respondent. Test-retest reliability was good both for the dichotomous measures of any past-year alcohol abuse or dependence (kappa = 0.74) and for the scalar measures of numbers of abuse and dependence symptoms (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.76 and 0.78, respectively)(Grant et al., 2003b).
