It is generally believed that specific cell types and neuronal circuits within the brain mediate the acute response to alcohol as well as the long-term changes that occur in AUD. Advances in the stem cell field has enabled creation of different types of central nervous system (CNS) cells, including excitatory forebrain neurons (Bardy et al., 2015; Chanda et al., 2013; Ho et al., 2016), dopaminergic neurons (Caiazzo et al., 2011; Swistowski et al., 2010), serotonergic neurons (Vadodaria et al., 2017), mixed populations of inhibitory and excitatory neurons (Nadadhur et al., 2017), medial ganglionic eminence cells (Ahn et al., 2016), astrocytes (TCW et al. 2017), oligodendrocytes (Ehrlich et al., 2017), microglia (Abud et al., 2017), brain microvascular endothelial cells and pericytes (Yamamizu et al., 2017), as well as three dimensional (3D) cell culture (including neurospheres and brain organoids) (Choi et al., 2014; Paşca et al., 2015). These cells have already been successfully applied to model complex polygenic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (Liao et al., 2016; Takamatsu et al., 2014; Wray et al., 2013), schizophrenia (Brennand et al., 2011; K. Brennand
