Blood samples (10 μl) were taken from the dams on GD 20 three hours after ethanol or control intubation and from pups on PD 10 two hours after ethanol or control intubation via a nick to the end of the tail. The times were chosen because they assess maximum blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) in this model (Marino, et al., 2002). Blood samples along with standards generated at the time of blood sampling were frozen at −80°C until time of assay. BACs were analyzed using an enzymatic procedure (Dudek and Abbott, 1984).