Many children and adolescents experience conduct problem symptoms, and for those who experience early-onset and persistent symptoms, the prognosis across multiple life outcomes in adulthood is poor (Colman et al., 2009; Erskine et al., 2014; Moffitt et al., 2002). Findings from this study advance what is known about the long-term costs of childhood conduct problems at the population level in three ways. First, this study provides evidence that individuals following the LCP pathway account for a greater service burden than their peers across criminal justice, health care, and social-service sectors in adulthood. For criminal justice-related findings, this was expected and is consistent with the “life-course persistent” nature of conduct problems for those on the LCP pathway (Cohen, Piquero, & Jennings, 2010; Moffitt, 1993; Parsonage, Khan, & Saunders, 2014; Piquero, Jennings, & Farrington, 2013). Similarly, the increased utilization of social welfare services fits with prior evidence demonstrating poor economic outcomes for those with early-onset and persistent conduct problems (Colman et al., 2009; Moffitt et al., 2002). While it is not surprising that those on the LCP pathway account for more than
