Chunk #13 — 2 Brain Function Responses to Acute Nicotine Administration and Cigarette Smoking — 2.3 Brain Dopamine Responses to Nicotine and Smoking

Source

In vivo brain imaging of human exposure to nicotine and tobacco.

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transporter mRNA in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (Li et al. 2004), and chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, more so than chronic nicotine alone, has also been found to upregulate D1 and D2 receptor mRNA in the VST (Bahk et al. 2002). Additionally, many in vitro studies of the VST have reported DA release in response to nicotine administration (Connelly and Littleton 1983; Marien et al. 1983; Rowell et al. 1987; Sakurai et al. 1982; Westfall et al. 1983).