assessed through 20 symptom items that operationalized the DSM-IV criteria for this disorder. Childhood physical and sexual abuse scores were constructed based on scales that measured the frequency with which specific indicators of abuse occurred. Because these scales were highly skewed, they were recoded (values >5 recoded to 5 for both scales) to improve model fit. Number of childhood conduct problems was measured using 31 symptom items asked with respect to the period prior to age 15. Public assistance reflected the number of years before age 18 during which the respondent’s family received money from a government assistance program.
