Following University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, randomly mailed questionnaires were used to recruit 453 SDPS probands as drinking 18-to-25-year-old male UCSD students who never met criteria for an AUD, SUD, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia and did not currently have a major depressive or anxiety disorder. Half reported a biological father with DSM-III alcoholism and half had no known alcoholic relative (American Psychiatric Association, 1980; Schuckit and Gold, 1988).
