Beginning in 1988, the 453 probands began participation in every five-year personal follow-ups using a semi-structured interview (Schuckit 2019 a, b) reviewing substance use and problems based on the Third-Revised and Fourth Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals (DSM-IIIR and DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association, 1987, 1994). The questions were extracted from the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) (validity, retest reliabilities, and cross-interviewer reliabilities of .7 to .8) (Bucholz et al.,1994; Hesselbrock et al.,1999).
