study of opioid-dependent individuals, the desire/inability to cut down was found to be one of the most prevalent substance use disorder criteria across five substances of abuse, including alcohol (Wu et al., 2012). Although this was not the most prevalent criterion in our sample, it was the criterion with the most diverse group of people, with 7% of the individuals endorsing this criterion being in the low-risk class, 53% from the moderate-risk class and 40% from the high-risk class. There is strong evidence supporting a relationship between learned olfactory sensory cues and alcohol consumption and dependence. It was shown that after alcohol odor stimuli, alcoholics found it more difficult to resist a drink than before the stimuli (Stormark et al., 1995). Priming subjects with an alcohol odor also increased activation of the limbic system (Bragulat et al., 2008) and led to enhanced craving for alcohol (Kareken et al., 2010; Kareken et al., 2004).
