In the current study, we had the goal of expanding this literature in two ways: (1) by testing whether genes involved in the SWI/SNF complex were associated with AD in a second independent human adult sample, similarly ascertained through probands in treatment centers, like the IASPSAD sample; and (2) by testing whether the complex influenced developmental precursors of alcohol-related outcomes in a younger adolescent sample. A large portion of the genetic predisposition to alcohol dependence has been shown to be via a general predisposition toward externalizing behavior (Kendler et al., 2003, Krueger et al., 2002, Dick et al., 2005, Slutske et al., 1998), that manifests as different phenotypes at different developmental stages (Dick et al., 2006). It has been robustly demonstrated that conduct problems in children and adolescents are associated with the subsequent development of AD (Molina et al., 2002, Kuperman et al., 2001) and, importantly, that childhood conduct problems are genetically related to adult AD (Trucco et al., 2016, Kendler et al., 2003, Slutske et al., 1998). Several genes that have been associated with adult AD have been shown
