Kuperman et al., 2001) and, importantly, that childhood conduct problems are genetically related to adult AD (Trucco et al., 2016, Kendler et al., 2003, Slutske et al., 1998). Several genes that have been associated with adult AD have been shown to influence behavior problems in younger adolescents before the onset of alcohol problems, suggesting that behavior problems in younger individuals are an earlier phenotypic manifestation of a genetic predisposition that subsequently influences alcohol problems in adults (Dick et al., 2013, Dick et al., 2016). Accordingly, we hypothesized that in our younger population sample of adolescents, the SWI/SNF gene set may impact antisocial behavior rather than alcohol dependence per se.
