Research shows that when considering the relationship between parental problem drinking and adolescent adjustment, the gender of the parent plays a significant role as studies suggest that mothers and fathers have unique influences on children's development (Cookston & Finlay, 2006; Parke, 2002). Shorey and colleagues (2013) recently found that both problematic maternal and paternal substance use predicted adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and prescription drug use. In addition, problematic paternal substance use predicted adolescent marijuana and ecstasy use. However, these relationships were partially mediated by family factors (e.g., closeness and monitoring). Using a longitudinal design, Kendler and colleagues (2013) found that both paternal and maternal alcohol consumption and alcohol problems predicted offspring's future temperament, externalizing behaviors, and alcohol use/problems.
