Table 2 shows the association between early-life predictors and cannabis use/problem use. There was good agreement with those obtained using complete case data (see Supporting information, Table S1). Patterns of association between these exposures and any cannabis use were different from those seen with problem cannabis use. In general, indicators of greater early adversity showed a stronger and more substantial association with problem cannabis use rather than any cannabis use. Some indicators of increased adversity, such as lower maternal education, were actually associated with lower risk of any cannabis use. In general, associations between adversity and any cannabis use were small and estimated imprecisely, whereas those with problem cannabis use were of greater magnitude and stronger. The main exceptions to this pattern were seen in relation to maternal substance use—maternal tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use were all associated relatively strongly with both any use and problem use of cannabis by their offspring at age 16. The largest effect was seen with maternal cannabis use. For maternal cannabis use and maternal tobacco use the effect appeared greater on risk of problem
