and Procyk, 2006; Matsumoto, Suzuki and Tanaka, 2003; Niki and Watanabe, 1979; Procyk, Tanaka and Joseph, 2000). Moreover, in spite of some differences between participants' reaction times on the first trial after a switch cue compared to that after a stay cue (“switch cost”) between the different conditions, the increased activation in GENERATE+MONITOR appears not directly attributable to response conflict as expressed overtly as there was no relationship between the switch cost and the magnitude of the signal in this ACC region. Taken all together, the data indicate that dorsal ACC is particularly involved when people are uncertain about what response to make and so have to monitor the consequences of their own choices to work out what it is desirable to do.
