WGS for the 53,831 samples reported here was performed on samples that had previously been collected from and consented to by research participants from 33 NHLBI-funded research projects. All studies were approved by the corresponding institutional review boards (Supplementary Information 4). All sequencing was done from DNA extracted from whole blood, with the exception of 17 Framingham samples (lymphoblastoid cell lines) and HapMap samples NA12878 and NA19238 (lymphoblastoid cell lines) used periodically as sequencing controls. Cell lines were tested for mycoplasma contamination by aligning sequence data to the human genome, and authenticated by comparison with previous genetic analysis.