kinase gene ANKK1. Positive reports of association with various aspects of smoking behavior—including withdrawal symptoms (Robinson et al., 2007), persistent smoking (Morton et al., 2006), and pharmacotherapy response (David et al., 2007a; David et al., 2007b; Han et al., 2008)—have been reported for polymorphic markers within the DRD2, sometimes in interaction with other loci (e.g., for pharmacotherapy response: Morton et al., 2006; Ton et al., 2007; Swan et al., 2007). Following-up on a modest linkage peak for nicotine dependence on chromosome 11q23; Gelernter et al. (2006) found significant associations between SNPs in ANKK1 and nicotine dependence using family-based association, but not for SNPs within DRD2.
