Genetic linkage findings for DSM-IV nicotine withdrawal in two populations.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Pergadia, Michele L; Agrawal, Arpana; Loukola, Anu; Montgomery, Grant W; Broms, Ulla; Saccone, Scott F; Wang, Jen C; Todorov, Alexandre A; Heikkilä, Kauko; Statham, Dixie J; Henders, Anjali K; Campbell, Megan J; Rice, John P; Todd, Richard D; Heath, Andrew C; Goate, Alison M; Peltonen, Leena; Kaprio, Jaakko; Martin, Nicholas G; Madden, Pamela A F
Year: 2009
Journal: American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics
PMID: 19180564
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30924
PMCID: PMC2995916

#	Section	Preview
0	Introduction	Approximately 20% of the US (CDC, 2006), Australian (PHAA, 2004), and Finnish (Helakorpi et al.,…
1	Introduction	al., 1998; Piasecki et al., 2003). The degree of nicotine withdrawal-related dysphoria experienced…
2	Introduction	Among smokers, approximately 45% of the variance in nicotine withdrawal can be accounted for by…
3	Introduction	While twin-studies can help to elucidate the extent to which an observed behavior is heritable,…
4	Introduction	al., 2006; Gelernter et al., 2007), short-term cessation (Swan et al., 2006), and maximum cigarettes…
5	Introduction	As part of an international consortium known as “The Nicotine Addiction Genetics (NAG) Project”,…
6	Methods and Materials — Participants — Family Ascertainment	The study participants for the NAG project (Saccone et al., 2007a; Loukola et al., 2008) were…
7	Methods and Materials — Participants — Family Ascertainment	Northern European (> 90%), while the Finnish sample is all of Finnish ancestry. Further details…
8	Methods and Materials — Participants — Clinical Assessment	The data collection protocol included two phases, a telephone screening and a diagnostic interview…
9	Methods and Materials — Participants — Clinical Assessment	Finnish site, due to the absence of information on cigarette smoking history in non-twin siblings…
10	Methods and Materials — Participants — Clinical Assessment	Clinical data were collected using a computer-assisted telephone diagnostic interview (CATI) based…
11	Methods and Materials — Participants — Clinical Assessment	The average sibling age was 42.6 years and 54.6 years for the Australian and Finnish samples,…
12	Methods and Materials — Participants — Genotyping	The genome screen for both the Australian and Finnish NAG samples was comprised of 381 autosomal…
13	Methods and Materials — Participants — Genotyping	RelCheck (version 0.67; Boehnke and Cox, 1997; Broman and Weber, 1998) and PREST (version 3.0;…
14	Methods and Materials — Phenotype: DSM-IV Nicotine Withdrawal	Smokers (individuals who smoked 100 or more cigarettes lifetime, or 26 or more cigarettes lifetime…
15	Methods and Materials — Phenotype: DSM-IV Nicotine Withdrawal	not endorsing four or more withdrawal symptoms within 24 hours of stopping or cutting down on…
16	Methods and Materials — Phenotype: DSM-IV Nicotine Withdrawal	(0.01% of smokers). The use of 100 or more cigarettes lifetime is widely used to define a lifetime…
17	Methods and Materials — Statistical Approach	Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and tetrachoric correlations were conducted to examine variation in…
18	Results	As table 1 depicts, the Australian and Finnish samples differed significantly across all nicotine…
19	Results	14%) were significantly more likely to report depressed mood as a symptom of nicotine withdrawal…

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