As table 1 depicts, the Australian and Finnish samples differed significantly across all nicotine withdrawal (NW)-related measures, in addition to average number of cigarette smoked during heaviest period of smoking (p < .01), with the Australian sample generally exhibiting more severe levels of nicotine withdrawal and heavier smoking than the Finnish sample. The Australian sample was significantly more likely to report almost all individual symptoms of DSM-IV NW, a greater number of NW symptoms, and more cigarettes per day at the time of peak lifetime cigarette use; the Australian smokers were also more likely to meet criteria for DSM-IV NW. Only nervousness during nicotine abstinence was reported at significantly lower levels in the Australian sample (26%) than in the Finnish sample (39%). In terms of sex differences, across both the Australian (AUS) and Finnish (FIN) sample, women (AUS: 31%, FIN: 14%) were significantly more likely to report depressed mood as a symptom of nicotine withdrawal than men (AUS: 21%, FIN: 10%) and fewer cigarettes per day at peak lifetime use. In the Australian sample, women were also more likely than
