PMBB is approved under IRB protocol no. 813913. Genotyping of individuals was performed using the Illumina Global Screening Array. QC removed SNPs with marker call rate <95% and sample call rate <90%, and individuals with sex discrepancies. Imputation was performed using Eagle2 (ref. 88) and Minimac4 on the TOPMed Imputation Server. One individual from each pair of related individuals (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\hat{\mathrm{p}}}$$\end{document}p^ threshold of 0.25) were removed from analysis. PCA was conducted using smartpca61 and the HapMap3 dataset to determine genetic ancestry. This resulted in 10,383 AFR and 29,355 EUR individuals for analysis.
