caretakers, including babysitters and other after-school or evening caretakers. The subjects were prompted in the interview to report the parent monitoring they experienced in childhood. The questions asked the subjects to report on the degree to which their parent expected a specific time for them to come home, noticed them coming home later than expected, and arriving home soon after they arrived home from school. In addition, the questions asked the subjects to report the degree to which they told parent when they would be back, left a note about where they were going, checked in with parent before going out again, knew how to get in touch with parent, and talked with parent about their plans for the coming day. Responses were made on a 5 point scale from “all of the time” to “never”. The subject’s responses to these standardized items were summed to form an ordinal scale. For analyses, we used pre-specified categories (i.e., quartiles) and the distribution of parent monitoring and SNPs were presented in Table 1. Low parent monitoring was defined by the lowest quartile in the parent monitoring sum of scales. These are subjects who reported their parents sometimes, hardly ever or never monitored
