Structural abnormalities have been found in widespread brain regions of alcoholics. Relatively smaller volumes have been noted not only in total brain size (Pfefferbaum et al., 1992; Mann et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2012) including the cerebellum (Chanraud et al, 2007), but also in cerebral subdivisions and regional areas (Pfefferbaum et al., 1992; Pfefferbaum et al., 2001b; Makris et al., 2008; Fein et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2012) and numerous subcortical structures (Chanraud et al., 2007; Makris et al., 2008). Smaller white matter volumes likewise have been reported (Harper et al., 1990; Pfefferbaum et al., 1995; Pfefferbaum et al., 2001b; Chen et al., 2012), including the corpus callosum (see Figure 1) (Pfefferbaum et al., 1996; Agartz et al., 1999; Ruiz et al., 2013). Smaller brain volume is accompanied by larger CSF volume (Pfefferbaum et al., 1992; Pfefferbaum et al., 1998; Agartz et al., 1999; Bendszus et al., 2001; Pfefferbaum et al., 2001b; Chen et al., 2012), and researchers have reported larger volumes of the lateral ventricles (Zipursky et al., 1989; Pfefferbaum et al., 1998; Pfefferbaum et al., 2001b; Ruiz et al., 2013) and the third ventricle (Pfefferbaum et al., 2001b).
